HTML Special Entity Codes

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HTML - Special Entity Codes
This Web page contains lists of common special entity codes needed in HTML to generate special characters such as ñ, ¢, ÷ and other characters. Full instructions are in the "Using the Codes" section followed by lists organized by character type. Information on

NOTE: If you are composing Web pages in an HTML editor such as Dreamweaver, FrontPage or Netscape Composer the programs may generate the characters based on what is typed in (check the HTML to be sure).

This Page
Letters with Accents - (e.g. ó, ò, ñ)
Expanded Accents Listing (Unicode) - Phonetics Information Page
Other Foreign Characters - (e.g. ç, ¿, ß)
Expanded Foreign Characters (Unicode) - Phonetics Information Page
Currency Symbols - (e.g. ¢, £, ¥)
Math Symbols - (e.g. ±, °, ÷)
Other Punctuation - (e.g. &, ©, §, smart quotes )
Using the Codes
Uniciode Numeric Codes - New Page
Links to Other References
Caution on Smart Quotes and Long Dashes
“Smart (curly) quotes” (vs. "plain (straight) quotes") and long dashes such as em dash (—) and en dash (–) are actually considered "special characters" in HTML. If you are using a Word file with these symbols, you may need to remove them or replace them with entity characters. Plain quotes and short dashes are always OK.



Letters with Accents
This list is organized by Accent type. If a value is missing in the chart, then see the Expanded Unicode Accents code page.

To determine the appropriate code, match the accent with the vowel. The general template for each accent is in the left column in blue. For instance&Vcirc; means that all the entity codes for vowels with circumflex accents contain "circ" as part of the code.
NOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Unicode encoding scheme.

Example 1: To input the lower case circumflex â in HTML, type in â or â
Example 2: To input the capital circumflex  in HTML, type in  or Â
Exampe 3: To input lower case circumflex ô in HTML, type in ô or ô

Accent A E I O U Y
Grave
&Vgrave;

(Cap) À
À
(192) È
È
(200) Ì
Ì
(204) Ò
Ò
(210) Ù
Ù
(217)
Grave (Lower) à
à
(224) è
è
(232) ì
ì
(236) ò
ò
(242) ù
ù
(249)
Acute
&Vacute;

(Cap) Á
Á
(193) É
É
(201) Í
Í
(205) Ó
Ó
(211) Ú
Ú
(218) Ý
Ý
(221)
Acute (Lower) á
á
(225) é
é
(233) í
í
(237) ó
ó
(243) ú
ú
(250) ý
ý
(253)
Circumflex
&Vcirc;
(Cap) Â
Â
(194) Ê
Ê
(202) Î
Î
(206) Ô
Ô
(212) Û
Û
(219)
Circumflex (Lower) â
â
(226) ê
ê
(234) î
î
(238) ô
ô
(244) û
û
(251)
Tilde
&Vtilde;
(Cap) Ã
Ã
(195) -- Ñ
Ñ
(209) Õ
Õ
(213) --
Tilde (Lower) ã
ã
(227) -- ñ
ñ
(241) õ
õ
(245) --
Umlaut
&Vuml;
(Cap) Ä
Ä
(196) Ë
Ë
(203) Ï
Ï
(207) Ö
Ö
(214) Ü
Ü
(220) Ÿ1
Ÿ
(159)
Umlaut (Lower) ä
ä
(228) ë
ë
(235) ï
ï
(239) ö
ö
(246) ü
ü
(252) ÿ
ÿ
(255)

1: The code Ÿ is not supported in older browsers such as Netscape 4.7, but the numeric version (Ÿ) works.

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

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Other Foreign Characters
This page includes common Western European characters only. Refer to the individual By Language pages for further codes.

Common Codes
NOTES: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Unicode encoding scheme (some characters have an older Win-1252 number which is listed first)

Example 1: To generate the upside-down question mark ¿,type ¿ into the HTML code.
Example 2: To generate French oe ligature œ, type œ into the HTML code. These numeric codes may be necessary in some older browsers.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
¡ Upside-down exclamation point. ¡ (161)
¿ Upside-down question mark. ¿ (191)
Ç,ç French C cedille (caps/lowercase) Ç (199)
ç (231)
Œ,œ French O-E ligature (caps/lowercase) Œ (140 or 338)
œ (156 or 339)
º,ª Masculine & feminine ordinal number
(Spanish/Italian/Portuguese) º (186)
ª (170)
ß German double S ß (223)
Ø,ø O slash (caps/lowercase) Ø (216)
ø (248)
Å,å A ring, Angstrom sign (caps/lowercase) Å (197)
å (229)
Æ,æ A-E ligature (caps/lowercase) Æ (198)
æ (230)
Þ,þ Old English thorn (caps/lowercase) Þ (222)
þ (254)
Ð,ð Old English eth (caps/lowercase) Ð (208)
ð (240)
« » European/Spanish style double angle quote mark. « (171)
» (187)
‹ › European/Spanish style single angle quote mark. ‹ (8249)
› (8250)
‚ European single bottom quote ‚ (8218)
„ European bottom quote „ (8222)
“ Opening Double Quotes “ (147 or 8220)
” Closing Double Quotes ” (148 or 8221)
‘ Opening Single Quote Mark ‘ (145 or 8216)
’ Closing Single Quote Mark ’ (146 or 8217)




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Currency Symbols
NOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Unicode encoding scheme.

Example: To generate the cent sign ¢,type ¢ or ¢ into the HTML code.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
¢ cent sign ¢ (162)
£ British Pound £ (163)
¥ Japanese Yen ¥ (165)
€ Euro Symbol € (8364)
¤ Generic currency symbol ¤ (164)
ƒ Dutch Florin Symbol (may not work in older browsers) ƒ (402)

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

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Math Symbols
Common Codes
NOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Unicode encoding scheme.

Example: To generate the division sign ÷, type ÷ or ÷ into the HTML code.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
> Greater than > (62)
< Less than < (60) ÷ Division symbol ÷ (247) / Forward Slash / ° Degree symbol ° (176) ¬ Not symbol ¬ (172) ± Plus/minus symbol ± (177) µ Micro µ (181) If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page. New Codes These codes do not work in old browsers like Netscape 4.7, but are generally usable in new browsers. Below are just a few available codes. For more entity codes - see or Ian Graham's Mathematical Symbols for HTML or Jukka Korpela HTML Entities or for more details and a complete list. For the complete set of numeric codes see the Math Chart or Alan Wood's Symbols Test Page Common New Entity Codes for Math SYMBOL NAME CODE ∴ therefore triangle ∴ (8756) ≠ not equals ≠ (8800) ≥ greater than or equals to ≥ (8805) ≤ less than or equals to ≤ (8804) ≈ approximately ≈ (8776) √ square root radical √ (8730) ∞ infinity ∞ (8734) ∫ integral sign ∫ (8747) ∂ partial differential ∂ (8706) ′ Single prime ′ (8442) ″ Double prime ″ (8243) ∑ Sigma Sum Sign ∑ (8721) ∏ Pi Product Sign ∏(8719) ‰ Per mil (1/1000th) ‰ ≡ equivalent to (three lines) ≡ (8801) Top of Page Other Punctuation Caution on Smart Quotes and Long Dashes “Smart (curly) quotes” (vs. "plain (straight) quotes") and long dashes such as em dash (—) and en dash (–) are actually considered "special characters" in HTML. If you are using a Word file with these symbols, you may need to remove them or replace them with entity characters. Common Codes Example 1: To generate the and symbol & (&) type in & or &. Example 2: To generate the string & in HTML, type &amp;. SYMBOL NAME CODE (blank space) Inserts a non-breaking blank space (en space)   (32) & Ampersand & (38) “ Opening Double Quotes “ (147 or 8220) ” Closing Double Quotes ” (148 or 8221) ‘ Opening Single Quote Mark ‘ (145 or 8216) ’ Closing Single Quote Mark ’ (146 or 8217) ® Registered symbol ® (174) © Copyright symbol © (169) ® Registered symbol ® (174) ™ Trademark symbol ™ (153 or 8482) ¶ Paragraph symbol ¶ (182) • Big (Bullet) List Dot • (149 or 8226) · Medium (Middle) List Dot · (183) § Section Symbol § (167) – en-dash – (150 or 8211) — em-dash — (151 or 8212) New Codes These codes do not work in old browsers like Netscape 4.7, but are generally usable in new browsers. SYMBOL NAME CODE † dagger (cross) † (8224) ‡ double dagger ‡ (8225) ◊ open diamond, lozenge ◊ (9674) ↑ up arrow ↑ (8593) ↓ down arrow ↓ (8595) ← left arrow ← (8592) → right arrow → (8594) ↔ double headed arrow ↔ (8596) If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page. Top of Page Using the Codes To input non-English into an Web page, HTML employs a series of entity codes enclosed with an & on the left side and a ; (semi-colon) on the right. HTML SPECIAL CHARACTER TEMPLATE &(code); For example, the code for ç is "ccedil". To generate French ç in HTML, type the code ç into your HTML document as in: HTML - fran&cecedil;ais Result - français Here's another example using ¢ for ¢. HTML - It cost 5¢. Result - It cost 5¢. Some characters like œ (#156) are known by a number, not an entity code. For these characters the template is: HTML CHARACTER NUMBER TEMPLATE &#(number); For example to input sœur, the French word for sister you use the following code: HTML - sœur 'sister' Result - sœur 'sister' Troubleshooting the Encoding If one of the numeric codes (e.g. œ for œ) fails to display, try including the following meta tags in the header (between the ) tags.

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This will force the browser to switch to the correct encoding system.

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Links to External Reference Pages
HTML Entity Codes
Webmonkey - The first set of entries ("left single quote" to "trademark sign") are experimental and may not be supported in Netscape 4.7
Alan Wood HTML 4.0 Character Entity References - Lists Unicode number and entity. Some mathematical characters not supported in Netscape 4.7
HTML Special Characters and Browser Compatability
Ultimate Cool Characters
Ian S. Graham - Switch to Western view
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This Web page maintained by Teaching and Learning with Technology, a unit of Information Technology Services. For questions or comments on this Web page, please contact Elizabeth J. Pyatt (ejp10@psu.edu).

Unicode character names and hexadecimal entity codes are taken from the public Unicode Character Charts.

Last Modified: Wednesday, 04-Nov-2009 13:45:00 EST